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Cyberwarfare in China
The nature of cyberwarfare in China is difficult to assess. Government officials in India and the United States have traced various attacks on corporate and infrastructure computer systems in their countries to computers in China. However, "It is nearly impossible to know whether or not an attack is government-sponsored because of the difficulty in tracking true identities in cyberspace."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Power Grid Penetrated? )〕 China has denied accusations of cyberwarfare, and has accused the United States of engaging in cyberwarfare against it, which the US government denies.〔Nakashima, Ellen, "(Report on ‘Operation Shady RAT’ identifies widespread cyber-spying )", ''Washington Post'', August 3, 2011.〕 A number of private computer security firms have stated that they have growing evidence of cyber-espionage efforts originating from China, including the "Comment Group".〔Riley, Michael, and Dune Lawrence, "(Hackers Linked to China’s Army Seen From EU to D.C. )", ''Bloomberg L.P.'', 27 July 2012〕 In May 2014 a Federal Grand Jury in the United States indicted five PLA Unit 61398 officers on charges of theft of confidential business information from U.S. commercial firms and planting malware on their computers.〔Finkle, J., Menn, J., Viswanatha, J. (''U.S. accuses China of cyber spying on American companies.'' ) Reuters, Mon May 19, 2014 6:04pm EDT.〕〔Clayton, M. (''US indicts five in China's secret 'Unit 61398' for cyber-spying.'' ) Christian Science Monitor, May 19, 2014〕
According to former United States National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden, the NSA has conducted espionage on Chinese universities, businesses and politicians since 2009. Chinese targets included hundreds of organizations and individuals, including the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and were among the 61,000 of hacker attacks carried out by the United States globally.〔http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/leaker-snowdens-allegations-about-us-hacking-give-china-new-edge-in-cyber-war-of-words/2013/06/13/986c0092-d419-11e2-b3a2-3bf5eb37b9d0_story.html〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Snowden says U.S. hacking targets China; NSA points to thwarted attacks )〕
==Organization==
Washington, D.C.-based analyst James Mulvenon says that the organization of Chinese operations in cyberwarfare is very clandestine and decentralised, organized around a constantly changing hybrid of official, civilian, and semi-civilian groups. Nationalist groups, he says, such as "patriotic hacker associations", are often used as "foot soldiers" or "proxies".〔
While China has long been suspected of cyber spying, on May 24, 2011 the People's Liberation Army announced the existence of their cyber security squad.〔Beech, Hannah. ("Meet China's Newest Soldiers: An Online Blue Army." ) ''Time Magazine'', May 27, 2011.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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